A.
What is narrative writing ?
Narrative writing in fiction
and non-fiction (and even poetry) tells others the stories of our personal
experiences and allows us to gain empathy and sympathy about the world around
us. In a narrative essay, the writer
tells a story about a real-life experience. Everyone enjoys a good
story-especially one that captures the imagination. However, the narrative
essay goes further. In it, the writer places a personal experience within the
context of a larger theme, such as a lesson learned. When writing a narrative
essay, the writer wants not only to tell a good story, but also convey why the
story has meaning.
B.
How to differ from other writing genres?
The main difference between the two types
of text is the organization. Narrative text unfolds as a story. In many
stories, events are told out of order (for example, through flashbacks), but
underneath the surface there is a plot in which events are tied together
chronologically. In non-narrative texts, the structure might not be chronological.
Instead, it can be organized in a number of ways, such as:
- cause and effect
- main idea and
supporting details
- alphabetical
order; e.g., dictionary or encyclopedia.
To organize the writing
differently and include varied kinds of information and elaboration. Because
students are learning the distinctions between various genres, it’s important
that teachers use the correct terminology and not label all writing as
“stories.”
Here’s deatils of the
differnces :
|
Genre
|
Purpose
|
Activities
|
|
Descriptive
Writing
|
Students observe
carefully and choose precise language. They take notice of sensory details
and create comparisons (metaphors and similes) to make their writing more
powerful.
|
Character
sketches
Comparisons
Descriptive
essays
Descriptive
sentences
Found
poems
|
|
Expository
Writing
|
Students collect and
synthesize information. This writing is objective; reports are the most
common type. Students use expository writing to give directions, sequence
steps, compare one thing to another, explain causes and effects, or describe
problems and solutions.
|
Alphabet
books
Autobiographies
Directions
Essays
Posters
Reports
Summaries
|
|
Journals
and Letters
|
Students write to
themselves and to specific, known audiences. Their writing is personal and
often less formal than other genres. They share news, explore new ideas, and
record notes. Students learn the special formatting that letters and
envelopes require.
|
Business
letters
Courtesy
letters
Double-entry
journals
E-mail
messages
Friendly
letters
Learning
logs
Personal
journals
|
|
Narrative
Writing
|
Students retell
familiar stories, develop sequels for stories they have read, write stories
about events in their own lives, and create original stories. They include a
beginning, middle, and end in the narratives to develop the plot and
characters.
|
Original
short stories
Personal
narratives
Retellings
of stories
Sequels
to stories
Story
scripts
|
|
Persuasive
Writing
|
Persuasion is winning
someone to your viewpoint or cause using appeals to logic, moral character,
and emotion. Students present their position clearly and support it with
examples and evidence.
|
Advertisements
Book
and movie reviews
Letters
to the editor
Persuasive
essays
Persuasive
letters
|
Similarly, a technical manual might have a
short narrative to illustrate a point, followed by an explanation of how
something works, a chart to provide a comparison and a graph to show various
trends. As new technologies allow us to mix and match genres in ways that were
not possible before, the difference between narrative and non-narrative is
blurring even more.
C. THE
STEPS HOW TO MAKE A NARRATIVE WRITING AND THE EXAMPLE
1. Prewriting
for the Narrative Essay
The prewriting phase in
narrative essay writing is particularly important. In the prewriting phase,
students think about their life experiences in the context of the assignment’s
theme, for example ‘write about achieving a goal.’ When selecting an
experience to write about, keep in mind that even a small incident (or goal, in
this case) can make a good essay topic if it has significance for the writer.
If writers feel an emotional connection to their topic, their narrative essay
will be more effective.
Once a topic is chosen,
students should spend time sorting through their memories, and recalling
details, including the year, season, setting, people, and objects involved.
Think about the sequence of events and remember, no detail is too small. Often
it’s the small details that communicate big ideas. Creating an outline of the
story’s narrative flow is very helpful.
Decide on a topic : What is the
story you want to tell?Look over the list of suggestions or brainstorm a few of
your own. Remember, a narrative is a story with characters, setting,
problem, and solution. Be sure to choose a story that has all the parts
of a good narrative.
2. Drafting a
Narrative Essay
When creating the initial draft
of a narrative essay, follow the outline, but focus on making the story come
alive, using the following techniques:
- Personal narrative essays are most
naturally written in the first person, and using “I” gives the story an
immediacy that engages the reader.
- In telling the story, don’t gloss over
the details. Readers have no prior knowledge of the story, and many times
a skipped detail will skew their understanding.
- Use vivid descriptions and words that
illustrate. In narrative writing, the writer’s job is to involve the
reader, rather than simply inform. Take a look at this sentence: “Losing
the game felt like the bottom of my world dropped out.” It conveys so much
more about the significance of the writer’s experience than simply saying,
“I was disappointed that we lost the game.”
- While narrative essays are
non-fiction, elements of fiction should not be ignored. True stories also
benefit from the writer’s ability to use plot-building techniques.
3. Revising a
Narrative Essay
In the revision phase, students
review, modify, and reorganize their work with the goal of making it the best
it can be. In revising a narrative essay, students should reread their work
with these considerations in mind:
- Does the essay unfold in an
easy-to-understand progression of events? Do the transitions make sense or
confuse the reader?
- Does the essay involve the reader in
the experience? Could there be more detail, or is there extraneous detail
that distracts the reader’s attention?
- Is the word choice descriptive, or
merely informative?
- Has the larger message of the essay
been conveyed effectively? Has a connection been made between the
experience and its meaning to the writer? Will the reader be able to
identify with the conclusion made?
In
structuring a narrative essay, it’s the writer’s choice when to reveal the
significance of the experience. Some writers make this connection to theme in
the opening paragraph. Others like to focus on the experience and reveal its
significance at the end. Writers should experiment which way works best for the
essay. Clueing in the reader upfront helps their understanding, but saving the
revelation to the end can leave the reader with more to think about.
4. Editing a
Narrative Essay
At this
point in the writing process, writers proofread and correct errors in grammar
and mechanics, and edit to improve style and clarity. Having a friend read the
essay is a good idea at this point, and allows the writer to see their work
from a fresh perspective.
5. Publishing
a Narrative Essay
Due to its
personal nature, sharing a narrative essay with the rest of the class can be
both exciting and a bit scary. Remember, there isn’t a writer on earth who
isn’t sensitive about his or her own work. The important thing is to learn from
the experience and use the feedback to make the next essay even better.
Detaily :
Begin with
the basics of short story, after you choosen an idea you need to remember the
basic :
1.
Introduction : introduces
characters, setting,time,weather, etc.
Example : I went to
Bandung last holiday with my friends, it was on January 31st2013.They are my brothers Indra and Fandy,
and then Lala,Okta,Dayat.We went there by my car at 21.00 pm from Lampung
2.
Initiating action : the point
of a story that starts the rising action
Example : I took
long time to reach Bandung. It was about 8 hours and we had so many traffic
when in the large vessels, because we stoped a long time in the middle of the
sea, but we can enjoyed.
3.
Rising action : events leading
up to climax or turning point
Example : We arrived
in Puncak Bogor Alam Rindu Restaurant at 05.00 am we could not see the
nessecary because the weather was dark with so many dew, cold,and also rain.
4.
Climax : the most intense point
or turning point of the story
Example : Unfortunately,
we get some troble to found the rute in Jakarta , so we ask a help to police.
5.
Falling action : your story
begins to conclude
Example : We can
go back with safely.
6.
Resolution : a satisfying
ending to the story in which the central conflict is resolvedMove
backward or forward from your starting idea (it may begining of the story) and
ask”What happens next? Or What happened before this?
Example : Finally, it
was a wonderful holiday because it was the first time I went to Bandung.
Although it was pretty quick, it was wonderful to visit Kota Kembang,Bandung.
D.
TEXT
Bandung I’M IN LOVE ..
I went to Bandung last holiday with my
friends, it was on January 31st2013.They are my brothers Indra and
Fandy, and then Lala,Okta,Dayat.We went there by my car at 21.00 pm from
Lampung.I took long time to reach Bandung. It was about 8 hours and we had so
many traffic when in the large vessels, because we stoped a long time in the
middle of the sea, but we can enjoyed.
As people could see, Bandung is almost
same like Lampung, but the differences are in it’s culture. Not only that,
Bandung also had so many cold areas like Ciater,Kawah Putih,Tangkuban
Parahu,Caringin Tilu. It was so wonderful in Bandung. I could release all my
things at there.We arrived in Puncak Bogor Alam Rindu Restaurant at 05.00
am we could not see the nessecary because the weather was dark with so many dew,
cold,and also rain. We continued our trip to Bandung City,and we arrived at 07
am.We took a rest in rest area , took a bath while waiting our friends in
Bandung.Next, we had a look in another place like ITB, UNPAD,
TELKOM,Dago,Cihampelas Walk,Paris Van Java,Taman Jomblo etc. Then we had a
lunch in a small restaurant. After lunch, we continue our way to Gedung Sate.We
take a photo and gather in front of the building, it was so great.Then , we
continued to find a rest place or hotel to stay since we were in Bandung.
In the next day , we are going to Kawah
Putih at 07 am, we got breakfast first.It took an hour to arrived in there.We
must park our car and then bought a ticket for went to the place.We should go
by “Untang-Anting” or public transportation which prepared from the sight.We
enjoyed in this place was about three hours and then we came back to take a
rest.
In the second days, we went to the Ciater was so cold and comfortable. It was
nice and well-known as it’s sulfur bath. But although it was night and the
temperature was cold, it still hot in the sulfur pool. Not only that, the
sulfur bath was so skinny and we mustn’t let our eyes touch the water. Sulfur
is almost same like salt. It could make our eyes hurt. But the advantage of
sulfur bath is we can make our skin became light and fresh. Then after I took
bath, I went to sleep.
In the
third days, we went to the Tangkuban Parahu.All of us didn’t know the
rute to go there, so we use GPS to arrived there.A long the trip , there were
many hills and trees in every coach of road.We arrived there at 07 am, it was
still early morning.We took a picture, and walk arround the place.It was
beautifull place.
The next in Bandung, the first thing that I do is riding a horse. It was nice
to ride horse when the air was fresh and comfortable. After that, I went to
strawberry garden. At there I know the process of harvest a strawberry. After
that, I went back to the bungalows and packing. After we checked out, we went
to a Sundanese restaurant to have a lunch. The food was delicious. After we had
a lunch, we went to Cihampelas Walk. This is the most crowded place in Bandung
because it was the last place that everyone visit before coming back to their
town. There were many shops and places to visit, like instrument shop, tattoes,
etc. After having fun, we went to rest area.
Today is
the last day in Bandung, so I must spend it rightfully.We went to Trans
Studio Bandung and Mall. It was amazing , because it was my first time. At 12
am, we went to Pasar Baru to bought a hand gift and some meal and then we back
to Lampung.
In a half
of the trip , we stop to buy peyeum,ubi cilembu,moci and etc in Puncak Bogor,
but with unforgetable moment is take a photo in the tea garden.
Unfortunately,
we get some troble to found the rute in Jakarta , so we ask a help to police,
but we can go back with safely.
Finally, it
was a wonderful holiday because it was the first time I went to Bandung.
Although it was pretty quick, it was wonderful to visit Kota Kembang,Bandung.
E.
WHY THE UNDERLINE SENTENCE IS CALLED AS TOPIC
SENTENCE?
Explanation :
Topic : My Experience in Bandung.
Topic
Sentence : I went to Bandung last holiday with my
friends.
Because I want to tell about
my experience when I went to Bandung , and more clearly with tell about
squences of time in the paragraph.So , my topic sentence is begin with the
first thing I must tell in my narrative text.
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